Marc Szeglat

Stronger Explosion generated a Pyroclastic Flow at Kanlaon

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After strong explosion on Kanlaon: Alert Level Raised to “3”

Today, the Philippine volcano Kanlaon experienced a stronger explosion, resulting in volcanic ash rising and generating a pyroclastic density current. According to the Tokyo VAAC, the ash cloud reached an altitude of 6,700 meters and drifted westward, while the pyroclastic flow descended the volcano’s southeastern flank. Based on video footage, I estimate its glide distance to be approximately 2,800 to 3,000 meters. The footage also shows a shock wave rippling through the clouds.

Iceland: New eruption on 20th November

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On the evening of November 20, 2024, a new fissure eruption unexpectedly occurred along the Sundhnúkur crater row in Iceland. Volcanologists had not anticipated an eruption in November, as seismic activity had remained low in recent days. However, seismicity began to slowly increase by midday, without any clear warning signs. It wasn’t until 30 minutes before the eruption that a geothermal power plant operator reported rising pressure in boreholes, accompanied by a small earthquake swarm. The eruption began at approximately 11:14 PM local time.

A fissure approximately three kilometers long opened between Stóri Skógfell and Sýlingarfell. Three parallel fractures formed, emitting lava fountains. Two lava flows are moving north and west. The northern flow poses no threat to infrastructure, while the western flow is heading toward the Svartsengi geothermal power plant. Protective barriers are expected to shield the plant from the lava, which is advancing at a speed of 300 meters per hour. The main road to Grindavik has already been disrupted.

The intensity of the eruption remains uncertain. Although it appears smaller than the previous two eruptions, it could last longer, as more than 23 million cubic meters of magma have accumulated since September. The situation continues to develop unpredictably.

Lewotobi Lakilaki: Volcanic eruption causes fatalities

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At least 10 people die at Lewotobi Lakilaki – Volcanic ash reaches 12,000 meters

Last night, a volcanic disaster occurred on the Indonesian island of Flores when Lewotobi Laki-Laki erupted violently. The exact sequence of the eruption is still not fully clarified. Around midnight local time, there was apparently a strong explosion, and ash and glowing tephra reached inhabited areas. Several buildings, including a Catholic monastery at the foot of the volcano, caught fire and burned down. At least ten people lost their lives, and several others were injured. The Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) issued a VONA warning, reporting volcanic ash reaching up to 12,000 meters. The eruption cloud split and drifted in two directions: one cloud was blown westward, the other southeast. The alert level was raised from “Orange” to “Red.” The exclusion zone was expanded from 4 kilometers to 7 kilometers.

Ethiopia: Another Earthquake Near Awash on 16.10.24

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Earthquake Mb 4.6 Shakes Volcano Region Near Awash in Ethiopia – Ground Uplift Detected

On the evening of October 16, a magnitude 4.6 earthquake occurred in the Awash region of Ethiopia near the Fentale volcano, and it was also felt in Addis Ababa. With a depth of about 10 kilometers, the earthquake may have been shallower, as the seismological monitoring in the region is imprecise. For weeks, numerous smaller tremors have been damaging infrastructure such as railways and buildings.

InSAR data shows a possible ground uplift of up to 30 centimeters, indicating magma intrusion close to Fentale volcano. Previous studies have shown that rhyolitic magma intrusions have occurred here before, which is unusual in this basalt-rich region. These intrusions were accompanied by strong earthquake swarms, similar to what is happening now. However, it is possible that the InSAR image reflects other effects, such as a high water level on the Awash River.

The Fentale volcano, dominated by a 5-kilometer-wide caldera, is both effusive and explosive, unlike most other volcanoes in the region. The tectonic activity is driven by the divergent boundary between the Somali Microplate and the African Plate. A phreatic eruption occurred last week in a thermal area near the volcano. It is possible that a volcanic eruption may follow.

Shiveluch: Ash Eruption from the Old Dome

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The Shiveluch volcano on Kamchatka remains active, emitting large quantities of volcanic ash from the dome in the old part of the volcano. According to a report from the VAAC Tokyo, the ash reaches an altitude of 5,800 meters above sea level and is drifting eastward. A photo taken yesterday shows a dense ash cloud being pushed down by a strong storm and spreading flatly over the volcano. The well-developed ash cloud indicates intense volcanic activity. Notably, the ash is not coming from the lava dome of the young Shiveluch but from the dome in the old part of the volcano. This area only became active again after the major eruption last April. A new dome began to grow on the edge of the old dome, known as Karan, initially named Karan-1. Recently, in honor of the 300th anniversary of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Karan-1 was renamed and now bears the somewhat cumbersome name “300 years of RAS.”

Shiveluch is one of the most active and largest volcanoes on the Kamchatka Peninsula in Russia. It is part of the Pacific Ring of Fire, a region known for its frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.

New eruption started on Iceland

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On the evening of August 22, the anticipated volcanic eruption at Svartsengi in Iceland began. Around 9:25 PM, a new fissure opened along the Sundhnukur crater row. The initial activity was observed east of Sýlingarfell, where a steam plume rose over a kilometer high. From there, the fissure extended for 4.9 kilometers, primarily in a northern direction. Lava fountains erupted from the fissure, feeding lava flows that moved eastward and westward. There is again a risk that the main road to Grindavik, the Grindavíkurvegur, could be flooded by lava. However, no lava flows were initially observed heading toward Grindavik. Since the seismic activity was concentrated in the northern section of the Sundhnukur crater row, it was believed that the fissure would not extend further towards Grindavik.

The eruption was preceded by a brief seismic crisis that began at 8:48 PM UTC. Most of the epicenters were located between Stóra-Skógfell and Sýlingarfell, accompanied by increased pressure in boreholes. Minutes before the eruption, the Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO) issued a warning that a magmatic intrusion was spreading and that an eruption was imminent.

Etna: The Sixth Paroxysm in a Row

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Last night, the sixth paroxysm in a row occurred at Mount Etna’s Voragine Crater on Sicily. By late afternoon, Europe’s highest volcano had already begun to intensify its activity. In the evening, the paroxysm became unstoppable and culminated in an impressive lava fountain. The peak of the eruption was only reached after midnight. The VAAC reported volcanic ash reaching an altitude of around 9,000 meters. Due to winds at different altitudes, the ash drifted both southeast and southwest. The latter ash cloud carried tephra towards Catania, where the airport was heavily affected by ashfall and had to be closed. Flight operations are expected to remain suspended until 6 p.m. today.

Stromboli with pyroclastic flows into the sea

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Intense lava overflow triggers pyroclastic flows on Stromboli – volcano blanketed in ash

This evening, Stromboli experienced several pyroclastic flows in quick succession. The activity started at 16:18 UTC (local time plus 2 hours) and continued for at least 45 minutes. The pyroclastic flows not only reached the coast but also extended several hundred meters into the sea. The live cam showed a large part of the volcano blanketed in ash. The ash moved toward Stromboli town, reaching an altitude of at least 2000 meters above sea level.

Etna. Paroxysm from Voragine

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Etna experiences a paroxysmal eruption from the Voragine crater, sending volcanic ash several kilometers into the sky.

In the afternoon, Strombolian activity at the Voragine summit crater escalated into a paroxysmal volcanic eruption. By 17:00 UTC, the VAAC Toulouse had recorded volcanic ash reaching an altitude of 4,600 meters. At that point, the eruption was still intensifying. The ash cloud is currently expected to rise significantly higher. The air traffic alert status has been upgraded to “red.” The volcanic ash drifted southeast, away from Catania airport, but flight operations could still be affected.

Merapi with pyroclastic flow in May

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Merapi Generates Pyroclastic Flow

The Indonesian volcano Merapi (Java) generated a pyroclastic flow this morning. According to BPPTKG, the dense flow traveled a distance of 1000 meters, making it one of the smaller events of its kind. The flow was caused by a collapse at the southwest dome and moved through a ravine near Kali Bebeng.

The pyroclastic flow was recorded at 05:31 WIB, producing a seismic signal with a maximum amplitude of 65 mm that lasted approximately 110 seconds. In the first six hours of the day, 16 rockfall events were also recorded, some consisting of glowing tephra that left luminous trails on the volcano’s flank. Long-exposure photos often give the impression of lava flows due to these glowing trails.

Overall, Merapi’s seismic activity has been low over the past two days. However, there was a small peak on May 27, with about 50 volcanic tremors recorded. This fluctuation in seismic activity is characteristic of the volcano’s behavior in recent months, suggesting periodic light dome growth.